呆超人 (Idiot Savants)
更新时间：2004-08-30
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(From Hermelin, B.(2001) Bright Splinters of the Mind. London : Jessica Kingsley)
The accounts of ‘idiot savants’ had been given for over 100 years. The Frenchman Alfred Binet, who invented the first intelligence test, had introduced the term to describe those people who had great learning difficulties and could not cope with life on their own, but yet showed an outstanding ability in a specific area.
有关呆超人的记载已超过一百年了，第一个发明智商测试的法国人Binet 拿这个名词来形容那些有学习困难、兼且不能独立生活，但在某方面却拥有超凡能力的人。
It is noteworthy that savant ability is much more frequently found in those who suffer from some kind of autism. At most one or two in 200 of those within the autistic spectrum disorder can justifiably be regarded as having a genuine talent.
值得注意的是超凡能力多见于自闭症人士，但大概每二百名自闭症 (广义) 人士中，最多只有一或两个人拥有这份天赋。
Savant talents are usually evident in the domains of number or date calculation, the visual arts and music. There are some rare cases with high-level abilities in the area of language.
超凡能力通常见于数字或日期的运算、视觉艺术和音乐，语言方面的超凡能力则属罕有。
Of all the savants that have been investigated half in fact had IQs below 75, that is below the average range, while the other 50% of cases fell into the lower normal range of intellectual functioning on at least some sub-tests of intelligence.
在研究里，半数接受测试的呆超人的智商低于75 (也就是说低于常人)，其它的一半则归于正常智商偏低一类 (只是指某部分智商测试)。
It is characteristic of such individuals to show ‘islands of intelligence’. Their IQ profiles are more uneven than those of other mentally impaired people.
这类人士的特点是不平均的智商，比较其它的智障人士，他们的智商表现更不平均。
Furthermore, the sub-tests in which autistic individuals without special talents tend to do well are the same as those in which savants also excel. Thus, one could possibly conclude that it might be the autism-related component functions of cognition that are evident in savants’ intelligence results.
没有特殊才能的自闭症人士，他们表现得特别出色的测试，呆超人同样表现得非常优秀，我们可以说，从他们的智商测试结果，可以找到和自闭症有关的认知功能。
As with other savant gifts, mental processes that might not be evident in other behavioral areas become manifest in those activities which are directly talent related.
跟超凡能力一样，一些可能不见于其它行为的思想过程，在这些与特殊才能有关的活动变得明显可见。
The mental impairments from which savants suffer set boundaries to the development of their talents. There are no geniuses about. Their mental limitations disallow and preclude an awareness of innovative developments in the areas of their special abilities. Their success will always have to be judged against the background of their general cognitive and affective restrictions.
呆超人的智障妨碍了他们特殊天赋的发展，他们不能成为天才，智商限制了他们在独有天赋范畴内的创新，他们的成就应该就其认知和感情的障碍来加以评价。
